woensdag 16 oktober 2013

Aston Martin

Aston Martin Lagonda Limited is a British manufacturer of luxury sports cars. It was founded in 1913 by Lionel Martin and Robert Bamford.
From 1994 until 2007, Aston Martin was a wholly owned subsidiary of the Ford Motor Company, becoming part of Ford's Premier Automotive Groupwhen it was formed in 2000. In March 2007, a consortium of investors led by Prodrive boss David Richards purchased 90% of Aston Martin for £479 million, with Ford retaining a £40 million stake.[6] In December 2012, the Italian private equity fund Investindustrial[7] signed a deal to buy 37.5% of Aston Martin, investing £150 million as a capital increase.[8][9]

History[edit]

Aston Martin 2-Litre 2/4-Seater Sports 1937

Founding[edit]

Aston Martin was founded in 1913 by Lionel Martin and Robert Bamford.[10] The two had joined forces as Bamford & Martin the previous year to sell cars made by Singer from premises in Callow Street, London where they also serviced GWK and Calthorpe vehicles. Martin raced specials at Aston Hillnear Aston Clinton, and the pair decided to make their own vehicles.[11] The first car to be named Aston Martin was created by Martin by fitting a four-cylinder Coventry-Simplex engine to the chassis of a 1908 Isotta-Fraschini.[12][13]
They acquired premises at Henniker Mews[14] in Kensington and produced their first car in March 1915. Production could not start because of the outbreak of World War I, and Martin joined the Admiralty and Bamford the Royal Army Service Corps. All machinery was sold to the Sopwith Aviation Company.

Inter war years[edit]

After the war, the company was refounded at Abingdon Road, Kensington and a new car designed to carry the Aston-Martin name. Bamford left in 1920 and the company was revitalised with funding from Count Louis Zborowski. In 1922, Bamford & Martin produced cars to compete in the French Grand Prix, which went on to set world speed and endurance records at Brooklands. Three works Team Cars with 16-valve twin cam engines were built for racing and record breaking: chassis number 1914, later developed as the Green Pea; chassis number 1915, the Razor Bladerecord car; and chassis number 1916, later developed as the Halford Special.
Approximately 55 cars were built for sale in two configurations, long chassis and short chassis. The company went bankrupt in 1924 and was bought by Lady Charnwood, who put her son John Benson on the board. The company failed again in 1925 and the factory closed in 1926, with Lionel Martin leaving.
Later that year, Bill Renwick, Augustus (Bert) Bertelli and investors which included Lady Charnwood took control of the company. They renamed it Aston Martin Motors and moved it to the former Whitehead Aircraft Limited works in Feltham. Renwick and Bertelli had been in partnership some years and had developed an overhead-cam four-cylinder engine using Renwick's patented combustion chamber design, which they had tested in an Enfield Allday chassis. The only "Renwick and Bertelli" motor car made, it was known as "Buzzbox" and still survives.
The pair had planned to sell their engine to motor manufacturers, but having heard that the Aston Martin was no longer in production realised they could capitalise on its reputation to jump start the production of a completely new car.
Between 1926 and 1937 Bertelli was both technical director and designer of all new Aston Martins, since known as "Bertelli cars". They included the 1½-litre "T-type", "International", "Le Mans", "MKII" and its racing derivative, the "Ulster", and the 2-litre 15/98 and its racing derivative, the "Speed Model". Most were open two-seater sports cars bodied by Bert Bertelli's brother Enrico (Harry), with a small number of long-chassis four-seater tourers, dropheads and saloons also produced.
Bertelli was a competent driver keen to race his cars, one of few owner/manufacturer/drivers. The "LM" team cars were very successful in national and international motor racing including at Le Mans and the Mille Miglia.
Financial problems reappeared in 1932. The company was rescued for a year by L. Prideaux Brune before passing it on to Sir Arthur Sutherland. In 1936, Astin Martin decided to concentrate on road cars, producing just 700 until World War II halted work. Production shifted to aircraft components during the war.

David Brown era[edit]

1958 Aston Martin DB Mark III
In 1947, tractor manufacturer David Brown Limited bought the company under the leadership of managing director Sir David Brown—its "post-war saviour". The company also acquired Lagonda that year for its 2.6-litre W. O. Bentley-designed engine. Both companies shared resources and workshops, birthing the classic "DB" series of cars. In 1950, the company announced the DB2, followed by the DB2/4 in 1953, the DB2/4 MkII in 1955, the DB Mark III in 1957 and the Italian-styled 3.7 L DB4 in 1958.
While these models help Aston Martin establish a good racing pedigree, the DB4 stood out and yielded the famous DB5 in 1963. The company stayed true to its emerging "grand touring" style with the DB6 (1965–70), and DBS (1967–1972).
The six-cylinder engines of these cars from 1954 up to 1965 were designed by Tadek Marek.

1970s—changing ownership[edit]

The Aston Martin company was often financially troubled. In 1972, the firm was sold to Company Developments, a Birmingham-based consortium chaired by William Wilson, MBE.[15]
The company was resold in 1975 by its receiver following a further bankruptcy to North American businessmen Peter Sprague and George Minden for £1.05 million.[16] A successful turn-around strategy led to the recruitment of 360 new employees and, by 1977, a trading profit of £750,000.[16] The new owners pushed the company into modernising its line, producing the V8 Vantage in 1977, the convertible Volante in 1978, and the one-off William Towns-styled Bulldog in 1980. Towns also styled the futuristic new Lagonda saloon, based on the V8 model.
In 1980 Aston-Martin sought to buy MG, planning to design a new model and offering their take on an updated 1981 model MGB. The acquisition never developed, as the company was badly hit by the economic contraction of the early 1980s. Worldwide sales shrank to three cars per week, prompting chairman Alan Curtis, Sprague, and Minden to consider shutting down production to concentrate on service and restoration. At this point Curtis attended the 1980 Pace sponsored Stirling Moss benefit day at Brands Hatch, and met fellow Farnham resident Victor Gauntlett.

1980s—Victor Gauntlett[edit]

Gauntlett bought a 12.5% stake in Aston Martin for £500,000 via Pace Petroleum in 1980, with Tim Hearley of CH Industrials taking a similar share. Pace and CHI took over as joint 50/50 owners at the beginning of 1981, with Gauntlett as executive chairman. Gauntlett also led the sales team, and after some development and publicity when it became the world's fastest 4-seater production car, was able to sell the Aston Martin Lagonda in Oman, Kuwait, and Qatar.[17]
In 1982 Aston Martin was granted a Royal Warrant of Appointment by the Prince of Wales.[citation needed] The company holds the warrant to this day.
Understanding that it would take some time to develop new Aston Martin products, they created an engineering service subsidiary Tickford to develop automotive products for other companies. Products included a Tickford Austin Metro, a Tickford Ford Capri and even Tickford train interiors, particularly on the Jaguar XJS.[17] Pace continued sponsoring racing events, and now sponsored all Aston Martin Owners Club events, taking a Tickford-engined Nimrod Group C car owned by AMOC President Viscount Downe, which came third in the Manufacturers Championship in both 1982 and 1983. It also finished seventh in the 1982 24 Hours of Le Mans race. However, sales of production cars were now at an all time low of 30 cars produced in 1982.[17]
As trading became tighter in the petroleum market, and Aston Martin was requiring more time and money, Gauntlett agreed to sell Hays/Pace to the Kuwait Investment Office in September 1983. As Aston Martin required greater investment, he also agreed to sell his share holding to American importer and Greek shipping tycoon Peter Livanos, who invested via his joint venture company with Nick and John Papanicalou, ALL Inc. Gauntlett remained chairman of the AML company 55% owned by ALL, with Tickford a 50/50 venture between ALL and CHI. The uneasy relationship was ended when ALL exercised options to buy a larger share in AML; CHI's residual shares were exchanged for CHI's complete ownership of Tickford, which retained development of existing Aston Martin projects. In 1984, Titan the main shipping company of the Papanicolaou's was in trouble, so Livanos's father George bought out the Papanicolaou's shares in ALL, while Gauntlett again became a shareholder with a 25% holding in AML. The deal valued Aston Martin/AML at £2 million, the year it built its 10,000th car.[17]
Although as a result Aston Martin had to make 60 members of the workforce redundant, Gauntlett bought a stake in Italian styling house Zagato, and resurrected its collaboration with Aston Martin.
Aston Martin V8 Vantage from The Living Daylights
In 1986, Gauntlett negotiated the return of fictional British secret agent James Bond to Aston Martin. Cubby Broccoli had chosen to recast the character using actor Timothy Dalton, in an attempt to re-root the Bond-brand back to a more Sean Connery-like feel. Gauntlett supplied his personal pre-production Vantage for use in the filming of The Living Daylights, and sold a Volante to Broccoli for use at his home in America. Gauntlett turned down the role of a KGB colonel in the film, however: "I would have loved to have done it but really could not afford the time."[18]
The company needed funds to survive in the long term. In May 1987, Gauntlett and Prince Michael of Kent were staying at the home of Contessa Maggi, the wife of the founder of the original Mille Miglia, while watching the revival event. Another house guest was Walter Hayes, vice-President of Ford of Europe. Despite problems over the previous acquisition of AC Cars, Hayes saw the potential of the brand and the discussion resulted in Ford taking a share holding in September 1987.[19] In 1988, having produced some 5,000 cars in 20 years, a revived economy and successful sales of limited editionVantage, and 52 Volante Zagato coupes at £86,000 each; the company finally retired the ancient V8 and introduced the Virage range—the first new Aston launched in 20 years.
Although Gauntlett was contractually to stay as chairman for two years, his racing interests took Aston back into sports car racing in 1989 with limited European success. However, with engine rule changes for the 1990 season and the launch of the new Aston Martin Volante model, Ford provided the limited supply of Cosworth engines to theJaguar cars racing team. As the "small Aston" DB7 would require a large engineering input, Ford agreed to take full control of Aston Martin, and Gauntlett handed over the company chairmanship to Hayes in 1991.[20] In 1992, the Vantage version was announced, and the following year the company renewed the DB range by announcing the DB7.

Ford era[edit]

Ford placed Aston in the Premier Automotive Group, invested in new manufacturing and ramped up production. In 1994, Ford opened a new factory at Banbury Road in Bloxham. In 1995, the company produced a record 700 vehicles. Until the Ford era, cars had been produced by hand coachbuilding craft methods, such as the English wheel. In 1998 the 2,000th DB7 was built, and in 2002 the 6,000th, exceeding production of all previous DB models. The DB7 range was boosted by the addition of V12 Vantage models in 1999, and in 2001 the company introduced the V12-engined Aston Martin Vanquish.
At the North American International Auto Show in Detroit, Michigan in 2003, Aston Martin introduced the AMV8 Vantage concept car. Expected to have few changes before its introduction in 2005, the Vantage brought back the classic V8 engine to allow the company to compete in a larger market. 2003 also saw the opening of the Gaydon factory, the first purpose-built factory in Aston Martin's history. Also introduced in 2003 was the DB9 coupé, which replaced the ten-year-old DB7. A convertible version of the DB9, the DB9 Volante, was introduced at the 2004 Detroit Auto Show.
In October 2004, the company set up the dedicated 12,500 square metres (135,000 sq ft) AMEP engine production plant within the Ford Germany Niehl, Cologne plant. With capacity to produce up to 5,000 engines a year by 100 specially trained personnel, like traditional Aston Martin engine production from Newport Pagnell, assembly of each unit is entrusted to a single technician from a pool of 30, with V8 and V12 variants assembled in under 20 hours. By bringing engine production back to within the company, the promise was that Aston Martin would be able to produce small runs of higher performance variants engines.[21] This expanded engine capacity allowed in 2006, the V8 Vantage sports car to enter production at the Gaydon factory, joining the DB9 and DB9 Volante.
In December 2003 Aston Martin announced it would return to motor racing in 2005. A new division was created, called Aston Martin Racing, which became responsible, together with Prodrive, for the design, development, and management of the DBR9 program. The DBR9 competes in the GT class in sports car races, including the world-famous 24 Hours of Le Mans.
In 2006, an internal audit led Ford to consider divesting itself of parts of its Premier Automotive Group. After suggestions of selling Jaguar CarsLand Rover, or Volvo Cars were weighed, Ford announced in August 2006 it had engaged UBS AG to sell all or part of Aston Martin at auction.[22]

2007—the Richards era[edit]

On 12 March 2007, a consortium led by Prodrive chairman David Richards purchased Aston Martin for £475m (US$848m).[23] The group included American investment banker John Singers and two Kuwaiti companies, Investment Dar and Adeem Investment;[24][25] Prodrive had no financial involvement in the deal.[26] Ford kept a stake in the company valued at £40m (US$70m).
To demonstrate the V8 Vantage's durability across hazardous terrain and promote the car in China, the first east-west crossing of the Asian Highway was undertaken between June and August 2007. A pair of Britons drove 12,089 km (7,512 miles) from Tokyo to Istanbul before joining the European motorway network for another 3,259 km (2,025 miles) to London. The promotion was so successful the company opened dealerships in Shanghai and Beijing within three months.[27]
On 19 July 2007, the Newport Pagnell plant rolled out the last of nearly 13,000 cars made there since 1955, a Vanquish S. The Tickford Street facility was converted to Aston Martin's service and restoration department.[28] UK production is now concentrated at Gaydon on the former RAF V-bomber airfield.[29] In March 2008 the company announced a partnership with Magna Steyr to outsource manufacture of over 2,000 cars annually to Graz, Austria, reassuringly stating: "The continuing growth and success of the company is based upon Gaydon as the focal point and heart of the business, with the design and engineering of all Aston Martin products continuing to be carried out there."[30]
More dealers in Europe and the new pair in China brought the total to 120 in 28 countries.[31]
On 1 September 2008, Aston Martin announced the revival of the Lagonda marque, proposing a concept to be shown in 2009 to coincide with the brand's 100th anniversary. The first production cars are slated for 2012.[32]
In December 2008, Aston Martin announced it would cut its workforce from 1,850 to 1,250.[5]
The first four-door Aston Martin Rapide sports cars rolled out of the Magna Steyr factory in Graz, Austria in 2010.[33] The contract manufacturer provides dedicated facilities to ensure compliance with the exacting standards of Aston Martin and other marques, including Mercedes-Benz. Ulrich Bez has publicly speculated about outsourcing all of Aston Martin's operations with the exception of marketing.[34] In September 2011 it was announced Rapide production would be returned to Gaydon in the second half of 2012, restoring all manufacture there.[35]
In late 2012, Investment Dar reviewed its stake, with Mahindra & Mahindra emerging as a potential bidder for as much as half of Aston Martin.[36][37] Instead, Italian private equity fundInvestindustrial signed a deal on 6 December 2012 to buy 37.5% of Aston Martin, investing £150 million as a capital increase.[8][9][38][39] This was confirmed by Aston Martin in a press release on 7 December 2012.[40] In April 2013 it was reported that Dr Ulrich Bez would be leaving his role as chief executive officer to take up a more ambassadorial position[41] widely seen as the first move by the new shareholders in reviewing the leadership and strategy of the company.
Aston Martin V8 and V12 engines are still manufactured by Ford in Cologne, Germany by an agreement that lasts until 2013.[42] Ford, which does not use either of the engines in its vehicle range and derives little benefit from the arrangement, has declined to comment on its future.
On July 25, 2013 Aston Martin reached a partnership with Mercedes-AMG to supply new components and power plants for the next generation line up.

Models[edit]

Pre-war cars[edit]

  • 1921–1925 Aston Martin Standard Sports
  • 1927–1932 Aston Martin First Series
  • 1929–1932 Aston Martin International
  • 1932–1932 Aston Martin International Le Mans
  • 1932–1934 Aston Martin Le Mans
  • 1933–1934 Aston Martin 12/50 Standard
  • 1934–1936 Aston Martin Mk II
  • 1934–1936 Aston Martin Ulster
  • 1936–1940 Aston Martin 2-litre Speed Models (23 built) The last 8 were fitted with C-type bodywork
  • 1937–1939 Aston Martin 15/98

Post-war Sports and GT cars[edit]

Other[edit]

Current models[edit]

Motorsport[edit]

DBR1/2 at Goodwood Festival of Speed 2009
Part of Aston Martin's current racing program, Charouz Racing System competes with sports prototype powered by an Aston Martin V12
See also: Aston Martin RacingList of Formula One constructors

Whole race cars (post-war)[edit]

Engine supply only[edit]

Formula One World Championship results[edit]

(key)
YearChassisEngineTyresDriver12345678910PointsWCC
1959Aston Martin DBR4Aston Martin L6 ?MON500NEDFRAGBRGERPORITAUSA05th
United Kingdom Roy SalvadoriRet66Ret
United States Carroll ShelbyRetRet810
1960Aston Martin DBR4
Aston Martin DBR5
Aston Martin L6 ?ARGMON500NEDBELFRAGBRPORITAUSA08th
United Kingdom Roy SalvadoriDNP
Ret
France Maurice Trintignant11

24 Hours of Le Mans finishes[edit]

YearPosClassNoTeamDriversChassisEngineLaps
193151.525United Kingdom Aston MartinUnited Kingdom A.C. Bertelli
United Kingdom Maurice Harvey
Aston Martin 1½-litre InternationalAston Martin 1.5L I4139
193251.520United Kingdom Aston Martin Ltd.United Kingdom Sammy Newsome
Sweden Henken Widengren
Aston Martin 1½-litre Le MansAston Martin 1.5L I4174
71.521United Kingdom Aston Martin Ltd.United Kingdom A.C. Bertelli
United Kingdom Pat Driscoll
Aston Martin 1½-litre Le MansAston Martin 1.5L I4168
193351.525United Kingdom Aston Martin Ltd.United Kingdom Pat Driscoll
United Kingdom Clifton Penn-Hughes
Aston Martin 1½-litre Le MansAston Martin 1.5L I4188
71.524United Kingdom Aston Martin Ltd.United Kingdom A.C. Bertelli
United Kingdom Sammy Davis
Aston Martin 1½-litre Le MansAston Martin 1.5L I4174
1934101.520United Kingdom M.R.E. TongueUnited Kingdom Reggie Tongue
United Kingdom Maurice Faulkner
Aston Martin 1½-litre Le MansAston Martin 1.5L I4188
111.524United Kingdom John Cecil NoëlUnited Kingdom John Cecil Noël
United Kingdom Jen Wheeler
Aston Martin 1½-litre Le MansAston Martin 1.5L I4180
193531.529United Kingdom Roy EcclesUnited Kingdom Charles E.C. Martin
United Kingdom Charles Brackenbury
Aston Martin 1½-litre UlsterAston Martin 1.5L I4215
81.533United Kingdom Maurice FaulknerUnited Kingdom Maurice Faulkner
United Kingdom Tom Clarke
Aston Martin 1½-litre UlsterAston Martin 1.5L I4202
101.532United Kingdom C.T. ThomasUnited Kingdom C.T. Thomas
United Kingdom M. Kenyon
Aston Martin 1½-litre UlsterAston Martin 1.5L I4199
111.531United Kingdom P.L. DonkinUnited Kingdom Peter Donkin
United Kingdom Lord Malcolm Douglas-Hamilton
Aston Martin 1½-litre UlsterAston Martin 1.5L I4199
121.527United Kingdom John Cecil NoëlUnited Kingdom Jim Elwes
United Kingdom Mortimer Morris-Goodall
Aston Martin 1½-litreAston Martin 1.5L I4196
151.530United Kingdom R.P. GardnerUnited Kingdom R.P. Gardner
United Kingdom A.C. Beloë
Aston Martin 1½-litre UlsterAston Martin 1.5L I4190
193751.537United Kingdom J.M. SkeffingtonUnited Kingdom J.M. Skeffington
United Kingdom R.C. Murton-Neale
Aston Martin 1½-litre UlsterAston Martin 1.5L I4205
112.031United Kingdom C.T. ThomasUnited Kingdom Mortimer Morris-Goodall
United Kingdom Robert P. Hichens
Aston Martin Speed ModelAston Martin 2.0L I4193
1939122.029United Kingdom Robert Peverell HichensUnited Kingdom Robert P. Hichens
United Kingdom Mortimer Morris-Goodall
Aston Martin Speed ModelAston Martin 2.0L I4199
19497S
2.0
27United Kingdom Arthur JonesUnited Kingdom Arthur Jones
United Kingdom Nick Haines
Aston Martin 2-Litre Sports (DB1)Aston Martin 2.0L I4207
11S
2.0
29United Kingdom Robert LawrieUnited Kingdom Robert Lawrie
United Kingdom Robert W. Walke
Aston Martin 2-Litre Sports (DB1)Aston Martin 2.0L I4 ?
19505S
3.0
19United Kingdom Aston Martin Ltd.United Kingdom George Abecassis
United Kingdom Lance Macklin
Aston Martin DB2Aston Martin 2.6L I6249
6S
3.0
21United Kingdom Aston Martin Ltd.United Kingdom Charles Brackenbury
United Kingdom Reg Parnell
Aston Martin DB2Aston Martin 2.6L I6244
19513S
3.0
26United Kingdom Aston Martin Ltd.United Kingdom Lance Macklin
United Kingdom Eric Thompson
Aston Martin DB2Aston Martin 2.6L I6257
5S
3.0
25United Kingdom Aston Martin Ltd.United Kingdom George Abecassis
United Kingdom Brian Shawe-Taylor
Aston Martin DB2Aston Martin 2.6L I6255
7S
3.0
24United Kingdom Aston Martin Ltd.United Kingdom Reg Parnell
United Kingdom David Hampshire
Aston Martin DB2Aston Martin 2.6L I6252
10S
3.0
28United Kingdom N.H. MannUnited Kingdom Nigel Mann
United Kingdom Mortimer Morris-Goodall
Aston Martin DB2Aston Martin 2.6L I6236
13S
3.0
27United Kingdom P.T.C. ClarkUnited Kingdom Peter Clark
United Kingdom James Scott-Douglas
Aston Martin DB2Aston Martin 2.6L I6233
19527S
3.0
32United Kingdom Peter C.T. ClarkUnited Kingdom Peter Clark
United Kingdom Mike Keen
Aston Martin DB2Aston Martin 2.6L I6248
19552S
3.0
23United Kingdom Aston Martin Ltd.United Kingdom Peter Collins
Belgium Paul Frère
Aston Martin DB3SAston Martin 2.9L I6302
19562S
3.0
8United Kingdom Aston Martin Ltd.United Kingdom Stirling Moss
United Kingdom Peter Collins
Aston Martin DB3SAston Martin 2.9L I6299
195711S
3000
21United Kingdom David BrownFrance Jean-Paul Colas
France Jean Kerguen
Aston Martin DB3SAston Martin 3.0L I6272
19582S
3000
5United Kingdom P & A.G. WhiteheadUnited Kingdom Graham Whitehead
United Kingdom Peter Whitehead
Aston Martin DB3SAston Martin 3.0L I6293
19591S
3.0
5United Kingdom David Brown Racing Dept.United States Carroll Shelby
United Kingdom Roy Salvadori
Aston Martin DBR1/300Aston Martin 3.0L I6323
2S
3.0
6United Kingdom David Brown Racing Dept.France Maurice Trintignant
Belgium Paul Frère
Aston Martin DBR1/300Aston Martin 3.0L I6322
19603S
3.0
7United Kingdom Border ReiversUnited Kingdom Roy Salvadori
United Kingdom Jim Clark
Aston Martin DBR1/300Aston Martin 3.0L I6306
9S
3.0
8United Kingdom Major Ian B. BaillieUnited Kingdom Ian B. Baillie
United Kingdom Jack Fairman
Aston Martin DBR1/300Aston Martin 3.0L I6281
197717GTP83United Kingdom SAS Robin HamiltonUnited Kingdom Robin Hamilton
United Kingdom David Preece
United Kingdom Mike Salmon
Aston Martin DBS V8 RHAM/1Aston Martin 5.3L V8260
19827C32United Kingdom Viscount Downe Pace PetroleumUnited Kingdom Ray Mallock
United Kingdom Simon Phillips
United Kingdom Mike Salmon
Nimrod NRA/C2Aston Martin-Tickford DP1229 5.3L V8317
198317C41United Kingdom EMKA Productions Ltd.United Kingdom Tiff Needell
United Kingdom Steve O'Rourke
United Kingdom Nick Faure
EMKA C83/1Aston Martin-Tickford 5.3L V8275
198511C166United Kingdom EMKA Productions, Ltd.United Kingdom Tiff Needell
United Kingdom Steve O'Rourke
United Kingdom Nick Faure
EMKA C84/1Aston Martin-Tickford 5.3L V8338
198911C118United Kingdom Aston Martin
United Kingdom Ecurie Ecosse
United Kingdom Brian Redman
Republic of Ireland Michael Roe
Greece Costas Los
Aston Martin AMR1Aston Martin (Callaway) RDP87 6.0L V8340
20059GT159United Kingdom Aston Martin RacingAustralia David Brabham
France Stéphane Sarrazin
United Kingdom Darren Turner
Aston Martin DBR9Aston Martin 6.0L V12333
20066GT1007United Kingdom Aston Martin RacingCzech Republic Tomáš Enge
United Kingdom Darren Turner
Italy Andrea Piccini
Aston Martin DBR9Aston Martin 6.0L V12350
9GT162Russia Russian Age Racing
United Kingdom Team Modena
Spain Antonio García
Australia David Brabham
Brazil Nelson Piquet Jr.
Aston Martin DBR9Aston Martin 6.0L V12343
10GT1009United Kingdom Aston Martin RacingPortugal Pedro Lamy
France Stéphane Sarrazin
Monaco Stéphane Ortelli
Aston Martin DBR9Aston Martin 6.0L V12342
20071GT1009United Kingdom Aston Martin RacingAustralia David Brabham
United KingdomDarren Turner
Sweden Rickard Rydell
Aston Martin DBR9Aston Martin 6.0L V12343[49]
3GT1008France AMR Larbre CompétitionDenmark Casper Elgaard
United KingdomJohnny Herbert
ItalyFabrizio Gollin
Aston Martin DBR9Aston Martin 6.0L V12341[49]
4GT1007United Kingdom Aston Martin RacingCzech Republic Tomáš Enge
United KingdomJohnny Herbert
NetherlandsPeter Kox
Aston Martin DBR9Aston Martin 6.0L V12337[49]
20081GT1009United Kingdom Aston Martin RacingAustralia David Brabham
United KingdomDarren Turner
Spain Antonio Garcia
Aston Martin DBR9Aston Martin 6.0L V12344
4GT1007United Kingdom Aston Martin RacingGermany Heinz-Harald Frentzen
ItalyAndrea Piccini
AustriaKarl Wendlinger
Aston Martin DBR9Aston Martin 6.0L V12339
20094LMP1007Czech Republic AMR Eastern EuropeCzech Republic Tomáš Enge
Czech RepublicJan Charouz
Germany Stefan Mücke
Lola-Aston Martin B09/60Aston Martin 6.0L V12373
13LMP1008United Kingdom Aston Martin RacingUnited Kingdom Anthony Davidson
United KingdomDarren Turner
Netherlands Jos Verstappen
Lola-Aston Martin B09/60Aston Martin 6.0L V12342
3GT166United Kingdom Jetalliance RacingUnited Kingdom Anthony Davidson
United KingdomDarren Turner
Netherlands Jos Verstappen
Aston Martin DBR9Aston Martin 6.0L V12294
20106LMP1007United Kingdom Aston Martin RacingSwitzerland Harold Primat
MexicoAdrián Fernández
Germany Stefan Mücke
Lola-Aston Martin B09/60Aston Martin 6.0L V12365
3GT152Germany Young Driver AMRCzech Republic Tomáš Enge
DenmarkChristoffer Nygaard
Netherlands Peter Kox
Aston Martin DBR9Aston Martin 6.0L V12311
20117LMP122Belgium Kronos Racing
Belgium Marc VDS Racing Team
Belgium Vanina Ickx
BelgiumBas Leinders
Belgium Maxime Martin
Lola-Aston Martin B09/60Aston Martin 6.0L V12328
20123GTE-Pro97United Kingdom Aston Martin RacingUnited Kingdom Darren Turner
MexicoAdrián Fernández
Germany Stefan Mücke
Aston Martin V8 Vantage GTEAston Martin 4.5L V8332
20133GTE-Pro97United Kingdom Aston Martin RacingUnited Kingdom Darren Turner
United KingdomPeter Dumbreck
Germany Stefan Mücke
Aston Martin V8 Vantage GTEAston Martin 4.5L V8314
6GTE-Am96United Kingdom Aston Martin RacingGermany Roald Goethe
United KingdomJamie Campbell-Walter
United Kingdom Stuart Hall
Aston Martin V8 Vantage GTEAston Martin 4.5L V8301

Sponsorships[edit]

Aston Martin sponsors 2. Bundesligaclub 1860 Munich
Aston Martin sponsors 2. Bundesliga club 1860 Munich.[50]

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. Jump up^ ‹See Tfd›(Italian) L'auto di James Bond diventa italiana. Investindustrial rileva Aston Martin.
  2. Jump up to:a b Wright, William (6 June 2011). "Aston Martin revs up to raise capital"Financial News. Retrieved 28 September 2011.
  3. Jump up^ "Aston Martin Owner Said to Approach Suitors for Carmaker".Bloomberg Businessweek. Retrieved 10 November 2012.
  4. Jump up^ "Aston Martin announces new shareholders". Aston Martin. 12 March 2007. Archived from the original on 15 March 2007. Retrieved 29 April 2009.
  5. Jump up to:a b "England, Third of jobs go at Aston Martin". BBC News. 1 December 2008. Retrieved 29 April 2009.
  6. Jump up^ "Ford sells Aston Martin for $925 million". CarTech. 12 March 2007. Retrieved 14 January 2013.
  7. Jump up^ "Industrial Solutions and Capital". Investindustrial. Retrieved 14 December 2013.
  8. Jump up to:a b "Aston Martin sells stake to Investindustrial". BBC News. 7 December 2012. Retrieved 7 December 2012.
  9. Jump up to:a b Jones, Rhys; Clark, Jennifer (7 December 2012). "Italian private equity fund Investindustrial has signed a deal to buy 37.5 percent of Aston Martin Lagonda Ltd ASTON.UL from its Kuwaiti owner Investment Dar". Reuters. Retrieved 14 December 2013.
  10. Jump up^ "Company History 1913 – 1920". Astonmartin.com. Retrieved 14 December 2013.
  11. Jump up^ Inman-Hunter, E.M. (May 1944). "Notes on the Original Aston-Martin Company". Motor Sport: 92.
  12. Jump up^ "Aston Martin: Car Manufacturer: Great British Design Quest". Design Museum.
  13. Jump up^ "Aston martin 1914–2005". Retrieved 15 February 2009.[dead link]
  14. Jump up^ Mews NewsLurot Brand. Published Spring 2009. Retrieved 24 September 2013.
  15. Jump up^ "News and Comment: Aston Martin changes hands". Autocar 136(3960)): 2. 9 March 1972.
  16. Jump up to:a b Nicols, Mel (September 1978). "The Aston Miracle". Car Magazine: 35–362.
  17. Jump up to:a b c d "Obituary: Victor Gauntlett". The Independent (London). Archived from the original on 3 February 2008. Retrieved 3 February 2008.
  18. Jump up^ "TLD – Press (Allies/MI6)". thegoldengun.co.uk. Retrieved 30 September 2010.
  19. Jump up^ "ClassicInside – The ClassicDriver Newsletter". Classicdriver.com. Retrieved 30 September 2010.
  20. Jump up^ "Keeping the best of British running"The Sydney Morning Herald. 14 April 2003.
  21. Jump up^ "Aston Martin s . com – Aston Martin Engine Plant Cologne". Astonmartins.com. Retrieved 2011-12-03.
  22. Jump up^ Martinez J motorauthority.com Ford confirms Aston Martin is for saleat MotorAuthority, 31 August 2006
  23. Jump up^ "00-Heaven! Bond's Car British Again, Sky News, Home". BSkyB. Retrieved 30 September 2010.[dead link]
  24. Jump up^ Inman, Phillip (27 September 2009). "Aston Martin in peril as owner Investment Dar runs out of cash"The Guardian (London).
  25. Jump up^ "Article". BBC News. 12 June 2007. Retrieved 30 September 2010.
  26. Jump up^ "David Richards heads consortium to buy Aston Martin" (Press release). Prodrive. 12 March 2007.
  27. Jump up^ "New Aston Martin race series for Asia in 2008" (Press release). Aston Martin. 28 November 2007.[dead link]
  28. Jump up^ From Newport Pagnell to Gaydon. The Automobile. November 2007.
  29. Jump up^ Aston Martin Gaydon at Tim Cottingham's Aston Martins (non-official) site
  30. Jump up^ Statement by Aston Martin's CEO, Dr Ulrich Bez[dead link] Official site, 4 March 2008
  31. Jump up^ "Aston Martin News – Aston Martin arrives in China".[dead link]
  32. Jump up^ "Aston Martin News – Aston Martin CEO confirms the revival of the Lagonda Marque".[dead link]
  33. Jump up^ Media announcement[dead link] on official website, 7 May 2010
  34. Jump up^ Oliver, Ben (3 March 2008). "Aston to build cars abroad"Car Magazine. Retrieved 28 December 2011.
  35. Jump up^ Holmes, Jake (7 June 2011). "Production of Aston Martin Rapide Moves to Gaydon, England". Motor Trend. Retrieved 28 December 2011.
  36. Jump up^ Carvalho, Brian (2 December 2012). "Why Anand Mahindra doesn't need iconic luxury car brand Aston Martin"The Economic Times(India). Retrieved 4 December 2012.
  37. Jump up^ "Aston Martin bid by Mahindra". Rushlane. 30 November 2012. Retrieved 4 December 2012.
  38. Jump up^ ‹See Tfd›(Italian) Aston Martin diventa italiana. Investindustrial rileva il 37,5%
  39. Jump up^ ‹See Tfd›(Italian) Martin in mani italiane. Il fondo Investindustrial dei Bonomi socio di riferimento con il 37,5%.
  40. Jump up^ "Aston Martin - The Latest News and Press Releases from Aston Martin Lagonda Ltd". Retrieved 27 June 2013.
  41. Jump up^ "Ulrich Bez expected to step down as boss of Aston Martin". Retrieved 27 June 2013.
  42. Jump up^ Reed, John (23 June 2011). "Aston Martin seeks to reduce reliance on Ford"Financial Times. Retrieved 9 December 2012.
  43. Jump up^ Images of One-77 an Aston Martin Lagonda Group site
  44. Jump up^ "Aston Martin Fan Club: Aston Martin Lagonda". Astonmartinfanclub.blogspot.com. 21 July 2009. Retrieved 15 May 2010.[dead link]
  45. Jump up to:a b Websoft (21 December 2009). "Aston Martin Fan Club: Aston Martin Carbon Black Edition V12 Vantage And DBS Announced". Astonmartinfanclub.blogspot.com. Retrieved 15 May 2010.[dead link]
  46. Jump up^ "Ten-Foot Aston Martin Cygnet Gets 50 MPG, Plays Sidecar to Your DBS"PopSci.com.au. 1 July 2009. Retrieved 1 July 2009.
  47. Jump up^ Websoft (16 January 2010). "Aston Martin Fan Club: 2012 Aston Martin Cygnet". Astonmartinfanclub.blogspot.com. Retrieved 15 May 2010.[dead link]
  48. Jump up^ "Aston Martin Reimagines Racing Legend with CC100 Speedster". Automoblog.net. Retrieved 2013-05-20.
  49. Jump up to:a b chttp://web.archive.org/web/20070927033111/http://www.lemans.org/24heuresdumans/chronos/pdf/course/chronos_24h2007.pdf#page=74
  50. Jump up^ "Aston Martin deal for TSV 1860 Munich".

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